Diagnosis of diabetes
Diabetes is diagnosed when any of the following test results are positive.
Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1C) ≥6.5%.
or
FPG ≥126 mg/dl. Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
or
2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl during an OGTT. The test should be performed using 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
or
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Practically all the pregnant women should undergo screening for glucose intolerance. The usual recommendation for screening is between 24 and 28weeks of gestation. The recent concept is to screen as early as 16th week of gestation. If found negative at this time, the screening test should to be repeated around 24th – 28th week and finally around 32nd – 34thweek. GDM is diagnosed with more than 140 mg/dL after 2-hour for 75gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2016;39(Suppl. 1):S3 | DOI: 10.2337/dc16-S002